抽沙船由高压水泵和吸沙泵组成，抽沙船利用船动力带动水泵，产生高压水流进入喷水管，高压水泵把经高压水枪冲击水底的泥沙层，将沉积河底的淤泥吹搅成浑浊的水状，泥沙飞溅泛起在吸沙龙头周围，经吸沙泵吸起由上吸管排到指定位置，这样一喷一吸完成整个工作过程。
 故障处理：如遇抽沙船堵管现象，首先要判断清楚是异物堵转还是机械堵转，异物堵转比较好处理，将水泵抽出来，清理杂物就OK了，机械堵转比较麻烦，要检查是叶 轮扣环磨嚓还是叶轮边缘或者说泵轴磨嚓，口环处磨嚓，用抛光机将磨嚓部位进行切削打磨，其他部位应该先考虑泵轴是否变形，校轴在处理。

Suction dredger is composed of a high-pressure water pump and a sand suction pump, pumping sand the use of ship power driven pump, high pressure water flows into the water spray pipe, high-pressure water pump put by high-pressure water jets impact the bottom sediment layer, deposition of river silt blowing Jiaocheng muddy water, sediment splash thrown in the ceiling around the sand leading, the sand suction pump suction by straw on the row to the specified location, so a jet suction completed throughout the course of their work.

故障处理：如遇抽沙船堵管现象，首先要判断清楚是异物堵转还是机械堵转，异物堵转比较好处理，将水泵抽出来，清理杂物就OK了，机械堵转比较麻烦，要检查是叶 轮扣环磨嚓还是叶轮边缘或者说泵轴磨嚓，口环处磨嚓，用抛光机将磨嚓部位进行切削打磨，其他部位应该先考虑泵轴是否变形，校轴在处理。

Failure treatment: in case of pumping sand plugging phenomenon, first to determine the clear foreign body stall or mechanical blocking, foreign body locked rotor better treatment, pump it out, clean up debris on the OK, mechanical blocking more trouble, to check is said grinding wheel blade retaining ring chow or the edge of the impeller and pump shaft grinding Jenna, mouth ring grinding Jenna, polishing machine for grinding Jenna parts cutting grinding and other parts should first consider the pump shaft deformation, shaft straightening in dealing with.